Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a storage material for carbon and energy sources in microorganisms. When carbon sources are abundant and other nutrients (N/P/S, etc.) are insufficient, they will be synthesized in different microorganisms. PHA synthesis the main costs are the substrate cost in the fermentation stage and the cost of downstream extraction and purification.
The diversity of PHA monomer structure is mainly different from the difference in the side chain group on the C-3 position, in which the monomer with 3-5 carbon atoms is short-chain PHA (SCL PHA), and the number of carbon atoms above 6 is medium and long chain. PHA (MCL PHA). In the general structural formula of PHA, R can be an alkenyl group, a benzene ring, an alkyl group, etc., usually m is 1, and n represents the degree of polymerization, which determines the molecular weight of the polymer. Poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) with a methyl side chain is the most common. Poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) has thermoplasticity like polypropylene and has brittleness and poor thermal stability; polyhydroxybutyric acid-co-hydroxyvaleric acid copolymer (PHBV) has more good strength, hardness, greater elasticity, lower melting point. Short-chain PHA presents a hard crystal; medium- and long-chain PHA is a thermoplastic elastomer with good flexibility, low hardness, slow crystallization rate, and the melting temperature is mostly kept in the range of 39-61 °C; short-chain medium- and long-chain copolymerization The PHA (SCL-MCL PHA), by adjusting the monomer ratio, obtains a copolymerized PHA material that combines the excellent properties of short-chain and medium-long chains. PHA synthesis methods include microbial fermentation (wild bacteria method, recombinant engineering bacteria method), transgenic plant method, activated sludge method, and microbial fermentation method are the main ways of biosynthesizing PHA at present. The microorganisms that synthesize PHA are mainly divided into three categories: pure bacteria, engineering bacteria and mixed bacteria. In the process of biosynthesizing PHA, there are disadvantages such as high sterilization cost, high consumption of fresh water, and easy contamination by discontinuous fermentation, resulting in lower competitiveness of industrial biotechnology compared with chemical processes.
There are two methods of synthesis of PHA: biosynthesis and chemical synthesis.
Biosynthesis:
①Bacterial synthesis method: Different microorganisms can convert different fermentation substrates into PHA under suitable conditions.
② Genetic engineering method: introduce the relevant enzymes of Alcaligenes eutrophic bacteria that synthesize PHB into oil plants to obtain transgenic plants, and clone and synthesize PHB from the cells or plastids of these transgenic plants. The genetic method saves the separation and purification steps of PHB and bacteria in the bacterial method, which can reduce the synthesis cost, but the low yield and the difficulty of purification seriously restrict the large-scale production and application of PHA.
③Activated sludge method: Activated sludge is a bacterial mass containing a large number of active microorganisms and a small number of impurities and contains a large amount of biologically active substances and organic substances. The specific process is taking the remaining activated sludge from the sewage plant and put it into the SBR reactor. After the sludge is in good condition, the color changes from brown to light yellow, and the activity is stable, it enters the next cycle of domestication process, and finally discharges a batch of the activated sludge rich in PHA can be extracted by PHA, and then a new batch of excess sludge can be added again and repeat steps 1 to 3 to obtain high-yield PHA sludge in batches.
Chemical synthesis method:
①the bond between the carbonyl group in the lactone ring and the oxygen atom is broken, and there are few racemates in the product.
②the bond between the β-carbon atom and the oxygen atom in the lactone ring is broken, and the enantiomer can be racemized.
According to the number of carbon atoms in the PHA monomer, PHA can be divided into two categories:
1. According to the number of carbon atoms in the PHA monomer, PHA can be divided into two categories
①Short chain: the number of carbon atoms is 3-5, such as PHB, PHV.
②Medium and long chain: the number of carbon atoms is 6-14, such as PHHx, PHO
2. According to the different types of monomers, PHA can be divided into two categories
①Homopolymer, the number of monomers is 1, such as PHB, PHV.
②Copolymer, the number of monomers is greater than or equal to 2, such as PHBHHx, PHBV
At present, the main ones commercialized on the market are PHB, PHBV, P34HB, and PHBHHx
The global market for Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is estimated to increase from US$ 168.1 million in 2021 to reach US$ 338.6 million by 2028, exhibiting a CAGR of 10.5% during 2022-2028. Keeping in mind the uncertainties of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War, we are continuously tracking and evaluating the direct as well as the indirect influence of the pandemic on different end use sectors. These insights are included in the report as a major market contributor.
Global key manufacturers of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) include Danimer Scientific, Kaneka, Nafigate Corporation, Tian'an Biopolymer, Biomer, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 85%. Europe is the largest market of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), holds a share over 55%. In terms of product, PHBHHxpoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) holds a share of over 80%. And in terms of application, the largest application field is Food Services, with a share of over 35%.
Report Coverage
This latest report provides a deep insight into the global Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from a macro overview of the market to micro details of the market size, competitive landscape, development trend, niche market, key market drivers and challenges, value chain analysis, etc.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the global Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) market, with both quantitative and qualitative data, to help readers understand how the Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) market scenario changed across the globe during the pandemic and Russia-Ukraine War.
The base year considered for analyses is 2021, while the market estimates and forecasts are given from 2022 to 2028. The market estimates are provided in terms of revenue in USD millions and volume in Tons.
Market Segmentation:
The study segments the Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) market and forecasts the market size by Type (PHB-Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHBV-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and P34HB-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)), by Application (Packaging, Biomedical Implant, Agricultural and Food Services), and region (APAC, Americas, Europe, and Middle East & Africa).
Segmentation by type
PHB-Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
PHBV-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
P34HB-poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)
PHBHHxpoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate)
Segmentation by application
Packaging
Biomedical Implant
Agricultural
Food Services
Others
Segmentation by region
Americas
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
APAC
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Turkey
GCC Countries
Major companies covered
Danimer Scientific
Kaneka
Nafigate Corporation
Tian'an Biopolymer
Biomer
Shenzhen Ecomann Technology
RWDC Industries
Newlight Technologies
CJ CheilJedang
PHB Industrial S.A.
Mango Materials
Chapter Introduction
Chapter 1: Scope of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), Research Methodology, etc.
Chapter 2: Executive Summary, global Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) market size (sales and revenue) and CAGR, Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) market size by region, by type, by application, historical data from 2017 to 2022, and forecast to 2028.
Chapter 3: Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) sales, revenue, average price, global market share, and industry ranking by company, 2017-2022
Chapter 4: Global Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) sales and revenue by region and by country. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Europe, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Latin America and Middle East & Africa.
Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8: Americas, APAC, Europe, Middle East & Africa, sales segment by country, by type, and type.
Chapter 9: Analysis of the current market trends, market forecast, opportunities and economic trends that are affecting the future marketplace
Chapter 10: Manufacturing cost structure analysis
Chapter 11: Sales channel, distributors, and customers
Chapter 12: Global Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) market size forecast by region, by country, by type, and application.
Chapter 13: Comprehensive company profiles of the leading players, including Danimer Scientific, Kaneka, Nafigate Corporation, Tian'an Biopolymer, Biomer, Shenzhen Ecomann Technology, RWDC Industries, Newlight Technologies and CJ CheilJedang, etc.
Chapter 14: Research Findings and Conclusion