Rigid Ureteroscopes
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by company, by Type and by Ap ... Read More
1 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Rigid Nephroscopes 1.2 Rigid Nephroscopes Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2022-2028) 1.2.2 Diagnostic 1.2.3 Therapeutic 1.3 Rigid Nephroscopes Segment by Application 1.3.1 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Comparison by Application: (2022-2028) 1.3.2 Hospitals 1.3.3 Ambulatory Surgical centers 1.3.4 Others 1.4 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Market Size Estimates and Forecasts 1.4.1 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue 2017-2028 1.4.2 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales 2017-2028 1.4.3 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Size by Region: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028 2 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Competition by Manufacturers 2.1 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.2 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.3 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Average Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022) 2.4 Manufacturers Rigid Nephroscopes Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type 2.5 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.5.1 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Concentration Rate 2.5.2 The Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Rigid Nephroscopes Players Market Share by Revenue 2.5.3 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) 2.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 3 Rigid Nephroscopes Retrospective Market Scenario by Region 3.1 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2017-2022 3.2 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2017-2022 3.3 North America Rigid Nephroscopes Market Facts & Figures by Country 3.3.1 North America Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Country 3.3.2 North America Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Country 3.3.3 U.S. 3.3.4 Canada 3.4 Europe Rigid Nephroscopes Market Facts & Figures by Country 3.4.1 Europe Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Country 3.4.2 Europe Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Country 3.4.3 Germany 3.4.4 France 3.4.5 U.K. 3.4.6 Italy 3.4.7 Russia 3.5 Asia Pacific Rigid Nephroscopes Market Facts & Figures by Region 3.5.1 Asia Pacific Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Region 3.5.2 Asia Pacific Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Region 3.5.3 China 3.5.4 Japan 3.5.5 South Korea 3.5.6 India 3.5.7 Australia 3.5.8 Taiwan 3.5.9 Indonesia 3.5.10 Thailand 3.5.11 Malaysia 3.5.12 Philippines 3.5.13 Vietnam 3.6 Latin America Rigid Nephroscopes Market Facts & Figures by Country 3.6.1 Latin America Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Country 3.6.2 Latin America Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Country 3.6.3 Mexico 3.6.4 Brazil 3.6.5 Argentina 3.7 Middle East and Africa Rigid Nephroscopes Market Facts & Figures by Country 3.7.1 Middle East and Africa Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Country 3.7.2 Middle East and Africa Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Country 3.7.3 Turkey 3.7.4 Saudi Arabia 3.7.5 U.A.E 4 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Historic Market Analysis by Type 4.1 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 4.2 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022) 4.3 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Price by Type (2017-2022) 5 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Historic Market Analysis by Application 5.1 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022) 5.2 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022) 5.3 Global Rigid Nephroscopes Price by Application (2017-2022) 6 Key Companies Profiled 6.1 CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC 6.1.1 CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Corporation Information 6.1.2 CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Description and Business Overview 6.1.3 CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Rigid Nephroscopes Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 6.1.4 CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Rigid Nephroscopes Product Portfolio 6.1.5 CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Recent Developments/Updates 6.2 Maxerendoscopy 6.2.1 Maxerendoscopy Corporation Information 6.2.2 Maxerendoscopy Description and Business Overview 6.2.3 Maxerendoscopy Rigid Nephroscopes Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 6.2.4 Maxerendoscopy Rigid Nephroscopes Product Portfolio 6.2.5 Maxerendoscopy Recent Developments/Updates 6.3 Olympus Corporation 6.3.1 Olympus Corporation Corporation Information 6.3.2 Olympus Corporation Description and Business Overview 6.3.3 Olympus Corporation Rigid Nephroscopes Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 6.3.4 Olympus Corporation Rigid Nephroscopes Product Portfolio 6.3.5 Olympus Corporation Recent Developments/Updates 6.4 Richard Wolf Company 6.4.1 Richard Wolf Company Corporation Information 6.4.2 Richard Wolf Company Description and Business Overview 6.4.3 Richard Wolf Company Rigid Nephroscopes Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 6.4.4 Richard Wolf Company Rigid Nephroscopes Product Portfolio 6.4.5 Richard Wolf Company Recent Developments/Updates 6.5 MEDITECH 6.5.1 MEDITECH Corporation Information 6.5.2 MEDITECH Description and Business Overview 6.5.3 MEDITECH Rigid Nephroscopes Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 6.5.4 MEDITECH Rigid Nephroscopes Product Portfolio 6.5.5 MEDITECH Recent Developments/Updates 6.6 Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument 6.6.1 Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Corporation Information 6.6.2 Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Description and Business Overview 6.6.3 Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Rigid Nephroscopes Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 6.6.4 Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Rigid Nephroscopes Product Portfolio 6.6.5 Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Recent Developments/Updates 6.7 HealthWare 6.6.1 HealthWare Corporation Information 6.6.2 HealthWare Description and Business Overview 6.6.3 HealthWare Rigid Nephroscopes Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 6.4.4 HealthWare Rigid Nephroscopes Product Portfolio 6.7.5 HealthWare Recent Developments/Updates 6.8 Blazejewski MEDI-TECH 6.8.1 Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Corporation Information 6.8.2 Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Description and Business Overview 6.8.3 Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Rigid Nephroscopes Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022) 6.8.4 Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Rigid Nephroscopes Product Portfolio 6.8.5 Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Recent Developments/Updates 7 Rigid Nephroscopes Manufacturing Cost Analysis 7.1 Rigid Nephroscopes Key Raw Materials Analysis 7.1.1 Key Raw Materials 7.1.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure 7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Rigid Nephroscopes 7.4 Rigid Nephroscopes Industrial Chain Analysis 8 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers 8.1 Marketing Channel 8.2 Rigid Nephroscopes Distributors List 8.3 Rigid Nephroscopes Customers 9 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Dynamics 9.1 Rigid Nephroscopes Industry Trends 9.2 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Drivers 9.3 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Challenges 9.4 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Restraints 10 Global Market Forecast 10.1 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Estimates and Projections by Type 10.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Rigid Nephroscopes by Type (2023-2028) 10.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Rigid Nephroscopes by Type (2023-2028) 10.2 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Estimates and Projections by Application 10.2.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Rigid Nephroscopes by Application (2023-2028) 10.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Rigid Nephroscopes by Application (2023-2028) 10.3 Rigid Nephroscopes Market Estimates and Projections by Region 10.3.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Rigid Nephroscopes by Region (2023-2028) 10.3.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Rigid Nephroscopes by Region (2023-2028) 11 Research Finding and Conclusion 12 Methodology and Data Source 12.1 Methodology/Research Approach 12.1.1 Research Programs/Design 12.1.2 Market Size Estimation 12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 12.2 Data Source 12.2.1 Secondary Sources 12.2.2 Primary Sources 12.3 Author List 12.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables Table 1. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2022-2028) & (K Units) & (US$ Million) Table 2. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Application (2022-2028) & (K Units) & (US$ Million) Table 3. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Market Size by Region (US$ Million) (2017 VS 2021 VS 2028) Table 4. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Market Competitive Situation by Manufacturers in 2021 Table 5. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 6. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 7. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 8. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 9. Global Market Rigid Nephroscopes Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022) Table 10. Manufacturers Rigid Nephroscopes Manufacturing Sites and Area Served Table 11. Manufacturers Rigid Nephroscopes Product Type Table 12. Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 13. Global Rigid Nephroscopes by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Rigid Nephroscopes as of 2021) Table 14. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table 15. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 16. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Table 17. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 18. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Table 19. North America Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 20. North America Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022) Table 21. North America Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 22. North America Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022) Table 23. Europe Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 24. Europe Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022) Table 25. Europe Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 26. Europe Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022) Table 27. Asia Pacific Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 28. Asia Pacific Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Table 29. Asia Pacific Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 30. Asia Pacific Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Table 31. Latin America Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 32. Latin America Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022) Table 33. Latin America Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 34. Latin America Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022) Table 35. Middle East and Africa Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 36. Middle East and Africa Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022) Table 37. Middle East and Africa Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 38. Middle East and Africa Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022) Table 39. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units) Table 40. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022) Table 41. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 42. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022) Table 43. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Price by Type (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit) Table 44. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units) by Application (2017-2022) Table 45. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022) Table 46. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 47. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022) Table 48. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Price by Application (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit) Table 49. CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Corporation Information Table 50. CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Description and Business Overview Table 51. CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 52. CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Rigid Nephroscopes Product Table 53. CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Recent Developments/Updates Table 54. Maxerendoscopy Corporation Information Table 55. Maxerendoscopy Description and Business Overview Table 56. Maxerendoscopy Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 57. Maxerendoscopy Rigid Nephroscopes Product Table 58. Maxerendoscopy Recent Developments/Updates Table 59. Olympus Corporation Corporation Information Table 60. Olympus Corporation Description and Business Overview Table 61. Olympus Corporation Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 62. Olympus Corporation Rigid Nephroscopes Product Table 63. Olympus Corporation Recent Developments/Updates Table 64. Richard Wolf Company Corporation Information Table 65. Richard Wolf Company Description and Business Overview Table 66. Richard Wolf Company Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 67. Richard Wolf Company Rigid Nephroscopes Product Table 68. Richard Wolf Company Recent Developments/Updates Table 69. MEDITECH Corporation Information Table 70. MEDITECH Description and Business Overview Table 71. MEDITECH Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 72. MEDITECH Rigid Nephroscopes Product Table 73. MEDITECH Recent Developments/Updates Table 74. Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Corporation Information Table 75. Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Description and Business Overview Table 76. Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 77. Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Rigid Nephroscopes Product Table 78. Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument Recent Developments/Updates Table 79. HealthWare Corporation Information Table 80. HealthWare Description and Business Overview Table 81. HealthWare Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 82. HealthWare Rigid Nephroscopes Product Table 83. HealthWare Recent Developments/Updates Table 84. Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Corporation Information Table 85. Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Description and Business Overview Table 86. Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022) Table 87. Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Rigid Nephroscopes Product Table 88. Blazejewski MEDI-TECH Recent Developments/Updates Table 89. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material Table 90. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials Table 91. Rigid Nephroscopes Distributors List Table 92. Rigid Nephroscopes Customers List Table 93. Rigid Nephroscopes Market Trends Table 94. Rigid Nephroscopes Market Drivers Table 95. Rigid Nephroscopes Market Challenges Table 96. Rigid Nephroscopes Market Restraints Table 97. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units) Table 98. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028) Table 99. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 100. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028) Table 101. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units) Table 102. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028) Table 103. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 104. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028) Table 105. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units) Table 106. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028) Table 107. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 108. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028) Table 109. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 110. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 111. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Product Picture of Rigid Nephroscopes Figure 2. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Market Share by Type in 2021 & 2028 Figure 3. Diagnostic Product Picture Figure 4. Therapeutic Product Picture Figure 5. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Market Share by Application in 2021 & 2028 Figure 6. Hospitals Figure 7. Ambulatory Surgical centers Figure 8. Others Figure 9. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028 Figure 10. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Market Size (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 11. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales (2017-2028) & (K Units) Figure 12. Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2021 Figure 13. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2021 Figure 14. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Rigid Nephroscopes Players: Market Share by Revenue in 2021 Figure 15. Rigid Nephroscopes Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021 Figure 16. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Figure 17. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Sales Market Share by Region in 2021 Figure 18. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022) Figure 19. Global Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Market Share by Region in 2021 Figure 20. U.S. Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 21. Canada Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 22. Germany Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 23. France Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 24. U.K. Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 25. Italy Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 26. Russia Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 27. China Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 28. Japan Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 29. South Korea Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 30. India Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. Australia Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 32. Taiwan Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 33. Indonesia Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 34. Thailand Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 35. Malaysia Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 36. Philippines Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 37. Vietnam Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 38. Mexico Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 39. Brazil Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 40. Argentina Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 41. Turkey Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 42. Saudi Arabia Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 43. U.A.E Rigid Nephroscopes Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Figure 44. Sales Market Share of Rigid Nephroscopes by Type (2017-2022) Figure 45. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Rigid Nephroscopes Figure 46. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Rigid Nephroscopes Figure 47. Rigid Nephroscopes Industrial Chain Analysis Figure 48. Channels of Distribution Figure 49. Distributors Profiles Figure 50. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 51. Data Triangulation Figure 52. Key Executives Interviewed
CHÖLLY FIBEROPTIC Maxerendoscopy Olympus Corporation Richard Wolf Company MEDITECH Hangzhou Nanyu Medical Instrument HealthWare Blazejewski MEDI-TECH
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by company, by Type and by Ap ... Read More
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by manufacturers, by Type and ... Read More
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by manufacturers, by Type and ... Read More
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by company, by Type and by Ap ... Read More